Learning and Implicit Processes Lab
Software
Free software can be downloaded at our gitHub page.
Blogs
- Thoughts on idionomic vs. group-based approaches to predicting the behavior of individuals (by Jamie Cummins & Jan De Houwer, First posted on 15 December 2022)
Recommended readings
De Houwer, J. (2018). Propositional models of evaluative conditioning. Social Psychological Bulletin, 13, e28046.
De Houwer, J. (2019). Implicit Bias Is Behavior: A Functional-Cognitive Perspective on Implicit Bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(5), 835-840.
De Houwer, J. (2019). Moving Beyond System 1 and System 2. Experimental Psychology, 66(4) , 257-265.
De Houwer, J., & Hughes, S. (2020). The psychology of learning: A functional-cognitive introduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- download the free open access pdf at www.psychologyoflearning.be
- buy your paper copy at the MIT Press website
De Houwer, J., & Hughes, S. (in press). Learning in individual organisms, genes, machines, and groups: A new way of defining and relating learning in different systems. Perspectives on Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221114886
De Houwer, J., Richetin, J., Hughes, S., & Perugini, M. (2019). On the assumptions that we make about the world around us: A conceptual framework for feature transformation effects. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1): 43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.229
De Houwer, J., Van Dessel, P., & Moran, T. (2020). Attitudes beyond associations: On the role of propositional representations in stimulus evaluation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 127-183.
Gawronski, B., & De Houwer, J. (2014). Implicit measures in social and personality psychology. Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology, 2, 283-310.
Hughes, S., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2016). Relational Frame Theory: An Overview. In S. Hayes, D. Barnes-Holmes, R. Zettle, and T. Biglan (Eds.), Handbook of Contextual Behavioral Science. New York: Wiley.
Hughes, S., De Houwer, J., & Perugini, M. (2016). The functional‐cognitive framework for psychological research: Controversies and resolutions. International Journal of Psychology, 51(1), 4-14.
Hughes, S., De Houwer, J., Mattavelli, S., & Hussey, I. (2020). The shared features principle: If two objects share a feature, people assume those objects also share other features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000777
Van Dessel, P., Boddez, Y., & Hughes, S. (2022). Nudging societally relevant behavior by promoting cognitive inferences. Scientific Reports, 12, 9201. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12964-1
Van Dessel, P., Hughes, S., & De Houwer, J. (2019). How do actions influence attitudes? An inferential account of the impact of action performance on stimulus evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 23(3), 267-284.
Van Dessel, P., Cummins, J., Hughes, S., Kasran, S., Cathelyn, F., & Moran, T. (2020). Reflecting on Twenty-Five Years of Research Using Implicit Measures: Recommendations for their Future Use. Social Cognition, 38, 223-242. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s223
Recent Publications
In Press papers
Boddez, Y., Scheveneels, S., Van Dessel, P. (in press). Let’s play pretend: Towards effective modelling in experimental psycho(patho)logy. Journa lof Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.
Boddez, Van Dessel, & De Houwer (in press). Learned helplessness and its relevance for psychological suffering: A new perspective illustrated with attachment problems, burn-out, and fatigue complaints. Cognition and Emotion.
Buabang, E., Köster, M., Boddez, Y., Van Dessel, P., De Houwer, J., & Moors, A. (in press). A goal-directed account of action slips: The reliance on old contingencies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
Bunghez, C., Rusu, A., De Houwer, J., Perugini, M., Boddez, Y., & Sava, F. A. (in press). The moderating role of neuroticism on evaluative conditioning: Evidence from ambiguous learning situations. Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Cathelyn, F., Van Dessel, P., Cummins, J., & De Houwer, J. (in press). Do evaluation and self-identification relate to self-reported and actual social media use? Journal of Behavioral Addictions.
Cathelyn, F., Van Dessel, P., & De Houwer, J. (in press). Testing the practical utility of implicit measures of beliefs for predicting drunk driving. PLoS One.
Cummins, J., & De Houwer, J. (In press). Are relational implicit measures sensitive to relational information? Collabra: Psychology.
Cummins, J., Hussey, I., & Spruyt, A. (in press). The role of attitude features in the reliability of IAT scores. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
Cummins, J., Nevejans, M., Colbert, D., & De Houwer, J. (2022). On The Structure of Relational Responding. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.
De Houwer, J., (in press). Putting relating at the core of language of thought. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. [commentary]
De Houwer, J., & Boddez, Y. (in press). Bias in implicit measures as instances of biased behavior under suboptimal conditions in the laboratory. Psychological Inquiry.
De Houwer, J., Boddez, Y., & Van Dessel, P. (in press). What is intuiting and deliberating? A functional-cognitive perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
De Houwer, J., Buabang, E. K., Boddez, Y., Köster, M., & Moors, A. (in press). Reasons to remain critical about the literature on habits: A commentary on Wood et al. (2021). Perspectives on Psychological Science.
De Houwer, J., Finn, M., Raemaekers, M., Cummins, J., & Boddez, Y. (in press). Thinking of learning phenomena as instances of relational behavior. Learning & Behavior.
De Houwer, J., & Hughes, S. (in press). Learning in individual organisms, genes, machines, and groups: A new way of defining and relating learning in different systems. Perspectives on Psychological Science.
De Houwer, J., & Koster, E. H. W. (in press). Attentional biases in anxiety and depression: current status and clinical considerations. World Psychiatry.
Delios et al. (2022). Examiningthe generalizability of research findings from archival data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(30)
Hughes, S. Cummins, J., & Hussey, I. (in press). Effects on the Affect Misattribution Procedure are Strongly Moderated by Influence Awareness. Behavioral Research Methods.
Kasran, S., Hughes, S., & De Houwer, J. (in press). Learning via instructions about observations: Exploring similarities and differences with learning via actual observations. Royal Society Open Science.
Kasran, S., Hughes, S., De Houwer, J., & Beckers, T. (in press). The role of causal attributions in observational conditioning. Collabra: Psychology.
Mansueto, A.C., Pan, T., Van Dessel, P., & Wiers, R.W. (in press). Ecological Momentary Assessment and Personalized Networks in Cognitive Bias Modification Studies on Addiction: Advances and Challenges. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology.
Moran, T., Nudler, Y., & Bar Anan, Y. (in press). Evaluative Conditioning: Past, Present, and Future. Annual Review of Psychology
Roche, B., Cummins, J., Cassidy, S., Dillon, A., Moore, L., & Grey, I. (2023). The effectofSMART Relational Skills training on Intelligence Quotients Controlling for Individual Differences in Attentional Skills and Baseline IQ. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.
Rougier, M., De Houwer, J., Richetin, J., Hughes, S., & Perugini, M. (2023). From Halo to Conditioning and Back Again: Exploring the Links Between Impression Formation and Learning. Collabra: Psychology. Supplementary materials can be found here.
Van Dessel, P., Boddez, Y., & Hughes, S. (in press). Nudging societally relevant behavior by promoting cognitive inferences. Scientific Reports.
Van Dessel, P., Cummins, J., & Wiers, R.W. (in press). ABC-Training As a New Intervention For Hazardous Alcohol Drinking: Two Proof-of-Principle Randomized Pilot Studies. Addiction.
Wiers, R.W., Pan, T., Van Dessel, P., Rinck, M., & Lindenmeyer, J. (in press). Approach-Bias Retraining and Other Training Interventions as Add-On in the Treatment of AUD Patients. Current Topics in Behavioural Neurosciences.
Wiers, R.W., & Van Dessel, P. (in press). Mechanisms underlying Alcohol Approach Bias and its Modification. Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science.
Wisniewski, D., Braem, S., González-García, C., De Houwer, J., & Brass, M. (in press). Effects of experiencing CS-US pairings on instructed fear reversal. Journal of Neuroscience.
2022
Barry, T., Boddez, Y., Chiu, C., & Raes, F. (2022). The sharing of autobiographical memories elicits social support. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition.
Boddez, Y., Hermans, D., Eelen, P., Scheveneels, S., & Vervliet, B. (2022). Leertheoretische benaderingen van psychopathologie. In van Hooren, S. (Ed.), Klinische Psychologie. Noordhoff Uitgevers: Groningen / Houten.
Buabang, E., Boddez, Y., Wolf, O., & Moors, A. (2022). The Role of Goal-Directed and Habitual Processes in Food Consumption Under Stress After Outcome Devaluation with Taste Aversion. Behavioral Neuroscience.
De Houwer, J. & Cummins, J. (2022). Forwarding the ACBS Task Force recommendations: Thecase for the Functional-Cognitive framework and out-of-sample prediction. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.
Kasran, S., Hughes, S., & De Houwer, J. (2022). Observational evaluative conditioning is sensitive to relational information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
Koning, I. M., Doornwaard, S. M., Van der Rijst, V. G., De Houwer, J., & Vollebergh, W. (2022). Effects of automatic and explicit parenting on adolescents’ alcohol use. Cogent Psychology.
Moran, T., Hughes, S., Van Dessel, P., & De Houwer, J. (2022). The role of trait inferences in evaluative conditioning. Collabra: Psychology
Peuters, C., Cummins, J., Vandendriessche, A., DeSmet, A., & Crombez, G. (2022). Assessing sleep-related attitudes with the Implicit Association Test: A prospective study in young adults. Journal of Sleep Research.
Scheveneels, S., & Boddez, Y. (2022). Fear Conditioning Biases in Anxiety Disorders: A Matter of Interpretation? In Wood, M. (Ed.), Interpretational processing biases in emotional psychopathology - From experimental investigation to clinical practice. Springer: New York.
2021
Boddez, Y., Finn, M., & De Houwer, J. (2021). The (shared) features of fear: Towards the source of human fear responding. Current Opinion in Psychology.
Buabang, E. K., Boddez, Y., De Houwer, J., & Moors, A. (2021). Don’t make a habit out of it: Impaired learning conditions can make goal-directed behavior seem habitual. Motivation Science. doi:10.1037/mot0000218
Cathelyn, F., Van Dessel, P., & De Houwer, J. (2021). Predicting drunk driving using a variant of the implicit association test. Journal of Safety Research.
Cathelyn, F., Van Dessel, P., & De Houwer, J. (2021). Predicting nonsuicidal self-injury using a variant of the implicit association test. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior.
De Houwer, J. (2021). On the challenges of cognitive psychopathology research and possible ways forward: Arguments for a pragmatic cognitive approach. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 96–99. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.005
De Houwer, J., Van Dessel, P., & Moran, T. (2021). Attitudes as propositional representations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
Koester, M., Moors, A., De Houwer, J., Ross-Hellauer, T., Van Nieuwerburgh, I., & Verbruggen, F. (2021). Behavioral Reluctance in Adopting Open Access Publishing: Insights from a Goal-Directed Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 12:649915. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.649915
Lenaert, B., Bennett, M., Boddez, Y., & van Heugten, C. (2021). The influence of nocebo information on fatigue and urge to stop: An experimental investigation. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 72, 101656. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101656
Liefooghe, B., Jim, A., & De Houwer, J. (2021). Automatic effects of covert practice. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 174702182110071. doi:10.1177/17470218211007138
Mertens, G., Boddez, Y., Krypotos, A.M., & Engelhard, I.M. (2021). Human fear conditioning is moderated by stimulus contingency instructions. Biological Psychology, 158, 107994. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107994
Moors, A., Boddez, Y. (2021). The goal-directed model as an alternative to reductionist and network approaches of psychopathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 84–87. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.03.014
Moran, T., Cummins, J., & De Houwer, J. (2021). Examining automatic stereotyping from a propositional perspective: Is automatic stereotyping sensitive to relational and validity information? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722110241. doi:10.1177/01461672211024121
Palenciano, A. F., González-García, C., De Houwer, J., Brass, M., & Liefooghe, B. (2021). Exploring the Link between Novel Task Proceduralization and Motor Simulation. Journal of Cognition.
Scheveneels, S., Boddez, Y., & Hermans, D. (2021). Uitdagingen voor het inhibitorisch-leermodel van exposuretherapie. Tijdschrift Gedragstherapie, 54
Scheveneels, S., Boddez, Y., Hermans, D. (2021). Predicting clinical outcomes via human fear conditioning: A narrative review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 142, 103870. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103870
Spix, M, Lommen, M, Boddez, Y. (2021). Deleting “fear” from “fear extinction”: Estimating the individual extinction rate via non-aversive conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 142, 103869. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103869
Vanaken, L,. Boddez, Y., Bijttebier, P., & Hermans, D. (2021). Reasons to remember: A functionalist view on the relation between memory and psychopathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 41, 88–95. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.04.006
Vanaken, L., Waters, T.E.A., Boddez, Y., Bijttebier, P., & Hermans, D. (2021). Reconciling a Phenomenological with a Functional Approach to Memory: Narrative Coherence and its Social Function. Memory.
Van de Cruys, S., Damiano, C., Boddez, Y., Król, M., Goetschalckx, L., Wagemans, J (2021). Visual affects: Linking curiosity, aha-Erlebnis, and memory through information gain. Cognition, 212, 104698. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104698
Van Dessel, P., Cone, J., & Gast, A. (2021). Powerful Effects of Diagnostic Information on Automatic and Self-reported Evaluation: The Moderating Role of Memory Recall. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722110072. doi:10.1177/01461672211007290
Van Dessel, P., & Tibboel, H. (2021). Assessing The Influence of Warnings with Testimonies from Former Smokers on Smoking and Quitting Behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(3), 917–934. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12512
2020
Abado, E., Sagi, J., Silber, N., De Houwer, J., Aue, T., & Okon-Singer, H. (2020). Reducing attention bias in spider fear by manipulating expectancies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103729. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.10372
Boddez, Y., Moors, A., Mertens, G., & De Houwer, J. (2020). Tackling fear: Beyond associative memory activation as the only determinant of fear responding. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 112, 410-419. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.009
Cummins, J., & De Houwer, J. (2020). The shape of belief; Developing a mousetracking-based relational implicit measure. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 194855062097801. doi:10.1177/1948550620978019
Cummins, J., Lindgren, K. P., & De Houwer, J. (2020). On the role of (implicit) drinking self-identity in alcohol use and problematic drinking: A comparison of five measures. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 35(4), 458–471. doi:10.1037/adb0000643
De Houwer, J. (2020). Conditioning is more than association formation: On the different ways in which conditioning research is valuable for clinical psychology. Collabra: Psychology, 6(1): 2. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.239
De Houwer, J. (2020). Revisiting classical conditioning as a model for anxiety disorders: A conceptual analysis and brief review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103558. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103558
De Houwer, J., & Hughes, S. (2020). Learning to like or dislike: Revealing similarities and differences between evaluative learning effects. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(5), 487–491. doi:10.1177/0963721420924752
De Houwer, J., Van Dessel, P., & Moran, T. (2020). Attitudes beyond associations: On the role of propositional representations in stimulus evaluation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 127-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2019.09.004
Gawronski, B., De Houwer, J., & Sherman, J. (2020). Twenty-five years of research using implicit measures. Social Cognition, 38(Supplement), s1–s25. doi:10.1521/soco.2020.38.supp.s1
Hughes, S., De Houwer, J., Mattavelli, S., & Hussey, I. (2020). The Shared Features Principle: If two objects share a feature, people assume those objects also share other features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. doi:10.31234/osf.io/hp5kr
Hughes, S., Mattavelli, S., Hussey, I., & De Houwer, J. (2020). The influence of extinction and counterconditioning procedures on operant evaluative conditioning and intersecting regularity effects. Royal Society of Open Science, 7(10), 192085. doi:10.1098/rsos.192085
Moran, T., Van Dessel, P., Smith, C., & De Houwer, J. (2020). Can (instructions about) stimulus pairings influence automatic and self-reported evaluations in the presence of more diagnostic evaluative information? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(8), 1249-1263. doi:10.31234/osf.io/c7m69
Van Dessel, P., De Houwer, J., Gast, A., Roets, A., & Smith, C.T. (2020). On the Effectiveness of Approach-Avoidance Instructions and Training for Changing Evaluations of Social Groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(2), e1–e14. doi:10.1037/pspa0000189
Schmidt, J. R., De Houwer, J., & Moors, A. (in press). Learning habits: Does overtraining lead to resistance to new learning? Collabra:Psychology, 6(1). doi:10.1525/collabra.320
Schmidt, J. R., Liefooghe, B., & De Houwer, J. (2020). An episodic model of task switching effects: Erasing the homunculus from memory. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 22. doi:10.5334/joc.97
Smith, C. T., Calanchini, J., Hughes, S., Van Dessel, P., & De Houwer, J. (2020). The impact of instruction- and experience-based evaluative learning on IAT performance: A Quad model perspective. Cognition and Emotion, 34(1), 21–41. doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1592118
Van Dessel, P., Cone, J., Gast, A., & De Houwer, J. (2020). The Impact of Valenced Verbal Information on Implicit and Explicit Evaluation: The Role of Information Diagnosticity, Primacy, and Memory Cueing. Cognition & Emotion, 34(1), 74–85. doi:10.1080/02699931.2019.1594703
Van Dessel, P., Liefooghe, B., & De Houwer, J. (2020). The instructed task-switch evaluation effect: Is the instruction to switch tasks sufficient to dislike task switch cues? Journal of Cognition, 3(1): 1, 1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.90
Van Dessel, P., Ratliff, K., Brannon, S.M., Gawronski, B., & De Houwer, J. (2020). Illusory-Correlation Effects on Implicit and Explicit Evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722097770. doi:10.1177/0146167220977706
Vervliet, B., & Boddez, Y. (2020). Aversive stimulus pairings are an unnecessary and insufficient cause of pathological anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 87(10), 870–871. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.006
Vervliet, B., & Boddez, Y. (2020). Memories of 100 years of human fear conditioning research and expectations for its future. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135, 103732. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103732 (shared 1st author)
Zaman, J., Chalkia, A., Zenses, A.-K., Bilgin, A. S., Beckers, T., Vervliet, B., Boddez, Y. (2020). Perceptual Variability: Implications for Learning and Generalization. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 28(1), 1–19. doi:10.3758/s13423-020-01780-1
Zenses, A.-K., Baeyens, F., Beckers, T., and Boddez, Y. (2020). Thought Conditioning: Inducing and Reducing Thoughts about the Aversive Outcome in a Fear Conditioning Procedure. Clinical Psychological Science, 9(2), 252–269. doi:10.1177/2167702620954222
2019
Cummins, J., & De Houwer, J. (2019). An Inkblot for Beliefs: The Truth Misattribution Procedure. PLoS ONE, 14(6): e0218661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218661
De Houwer, J. (2019). On how definitions of habits can complicate habit research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10:2642. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02642
De Houwer, J. (2019). Implicit bias is behavior: A functional-cognitive perspective on implicit bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(5), 835-840. doi:10.1177/1745691619855638
De Houwer, J. (2019). Moving beyond the distinction between System 1 and System 2: Conditioning, implicit evaluation, and habitual responding might also be mediated by relational knowledge. Experimental Psychology, 66(4), 257-265.
doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000450
De Houwer, J., Richetin, J., Hughes, S., & Perugini, M. (2019). On the assumptions that we make about the world around: A conceptual framework for feature transformation effects. Collabra:Psychology, 5(1): 43. doi: 10.1525/collabra.229
Van Dessel, P., & De Houwer, J. (2019). Hypnotic suggestions can induce rapid change in implicit attitudes. Psychological Science, 30(9), 1362–1370. doi:10.1177/0956797619865183
The accepted version (after reviews, before typesetting) of most of our publications can be downloaded here . Just enter the name of a lab member in the search function to retrieve all publications of that lab member.